Work of the founder of the states, the destroyers of tyrant of givers of law and of the heroes covers but narrows spaces, and supports but during a little time, whereas the work of the inventor however of less splendour is felt everywhere and for the last time for always. (Francis Bacon)

A PATENT is an exclusive right granted to a person who invented a new article or an improvement of an existing article or of a new process to make an article. It is composed of an exclusive right manufacture the invented new article or manufacture an article according to the process invented for one limited period.

Object of substantive patent law:
The object to grant a patent is to encourage and develop a new technology and an industry. An inventor can reveal the new invention only if it is rewarded, otherwise it can work it secretly. Thus the theory on which the system of patent is based at the time is that the occasion to acquire exclusive rights in an invention stimulates the technological advance in four manners:

. that she encourages research and the invention
. that it encourages an inventor to reveal his discoveries instead of keeping them as a commercial secret;
. that it offers the reward for the expenditure of the invention involute at the stage to which they are commercially feasible; and
. that it provides an incentive to invest the capital in the new lines of production which could not seem advantageous so many producers of competition embark on them simultaneously;

Value of system of patent:
A certain polemic exists as for the precise extent of the contributions brought by the system of patent to the economic development of a country. But adoption of a certain kind of production of patent for inventions in all the majority of all the countries, and the number always crescent of patent applications received by the offices of the patents in all the industrially advanced countries is an indication of the universal identification of the value of the system of patent. The majority of the inventions and the discoveries made in technology in all the fields are published in the field of memories descriptions of patent in the offices of the patents of various countries. An world exchange of technical information was made possible only by the publications of such descriptive reports of patent.

International character
To a certain extent the patents assumed an international character. The growing number of patent applications from abroad received in almost all the countries in the respect of the fact. Attempts are made from time to time by international associations for the protection of the personal property and to present more and more the uniformity and the harmonization among the systems of national patents. International convention for the protection of the industrial property (convention of Paris) and agreement GATT and of VOYAGES are examples of the attempts at harmonization of the law of the patents and another form the intellectual property.

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